What distinguishes a vector quantity from a scalar quantity?

A vector quantity is characterized by both magnitude and direction, which differentiates it from a scalar quantity that consists only of magnitude. For instance, when discussing velocity, which is a vector quantity, it is expressed as a speed (magnitude) in a specific direction, such as "60 kilometers per hour north." This dual characteristic of vectors allows them to convey more information than scalars, which would only specify a numerical value without indicating the orientation or direction in which that value applies. Therefore, recognizing that vectors integrate both magnitude and direction is essential for understanding various physical concepts, such as forces, velocity, and acceleration.