What does Newton's 2nd law of motion state about acceleration?

Newton's 2nd law of motion establishes a direct relationship between the net force acting on an object, its mass, and the resulting acceleration. The fundamental principle is captured in the formula F = ma, where F represents the net force, m stands for mass, and a denotes acceleration. This law asserts that acceleration occurs only when a net force is applied to an object.

In practical terms, this means that if there is no net force acting on an object, it will not accelerate; instead, it will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant velocity. This is a key aspect of understanding the dynamics of motion—observing that without an external force, changes in motion (or acceleration) cannot occur. This concept is crucial for explaining various physical phenomena, such as why a parked car stays stationary until a force (like a push or the application of the engine's power) is applied. The interplay of force and mass in producing acceleration is central to many applications in physics and engineering.