What does the term "groundwater" refer to?

The term "groundwater" specifically refers to water that is found beneath Earth's surface. This water occupies the spaces between soil particles and fractures in rock formations, filling aquifers and contributing to various ecosystems. Groundwater plays a critical role in the hydrological cycle, serving as a vital source for wells and springs, and helping to maintain the flow of rivers and lakes during dry periods.

Understanding groundwater is essential for water resource management and environmental conservation. It is distinct from other types of water, such as surface water, which includes all water found in bodies like rivers, lakes, and ponds, and atmospheric water vapor. Groundwater also differs from precipitation that collects on the surface, such as floodwater or storm runoff. Recognizing this difference is vital for comprehending water cycles and the sustainable use of water resources.