What is the fundamental law that states electric charge is conserved?

The principle of conservation of charge is a foundational concept in physics that asserts that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant over time. This means that charge cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred from one body to another. For instance, when two objects interact, any charge lost by one object is balanced by an equal gain of charge by another object, ensuring that the sum of charges remains unchanged. This principle is crucial in understanding various phenomena in electromagnetism and is fundamental in the study of electric circuits, where charge flows through conductors without any net loss or gain in the system as a whole. The other options pertain to different physical laws and principles that do not specifically address the conservation of electric charge.