What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

The primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) is to carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. During the process of transcription, the genetic code of a gene is transcribed from DNA into mRNA. This mRNA molecule then exits the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes, which can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. At the ribosomes, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming a protein.

This role of mRNA is essential for gene expression and the synthesis of proteins, making it a vital component in the flow of genetic information in biological systems. While the other options mention important processes related to genetic material, they do not accurately describe the specific function of mRNA. For instance, the replication of DNA occurs in the nucleus and involves different molecules such as DNA polymerase, while protein synthesis on the ribosome relies on mRNA but does not define its primary role. Catalyzing biochemical reactions refers to the function of enzymes, which are proteins, and does not pertain to the function of mRNA.