What is the term for genetic disorders caused by abnormalities in enzymes?

The term "inborn errors of metabolism" specifically refers to genetic disorders that arise from deficiencies or abnormalities in enzymes that are crucial for various metabolic pathways. These disorders can result from mutations in the genes that encode specific enzymes, leading to a disruption in normal biochemical processes. As a result, individuals may accumulate harmful substances or fail to produce essential compounds required for health and development.

Inborn errors of metabolism can lead to a range of health issues, highlighting the critical role that enzymes play in the functioning of the body. Examples include phenylketonuria (PKU), where the body cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine due to a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.

The other terms presented refer to different concepts that do not specifically describe disorders caused by enzyme abnormalities. Sex-influenced traits relate to how certain traits are expressed differently between genders, codominance refers to a genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, and polygenic characters involve traits that are controlled by multiple genes. Each of these concepts focuses on aspects of inheritance and expression rather than metabolic enzyme disorders.