What meteorological condition is created by the heating of the surface that causes air above it to expand and lower air pressure?

The correct answer is related to how heat affects air within the atmosphere. When the surface of the Earth absorbs sunlight, it warms up, causing the air directly above it to heat as well. As this air warms, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding cooler air. This process creates lower air pressure in that localized area.

Higher atmospheric pressure from surrounding areas moves toward the lower pressure area, resulting in wind. In essence, wind is the movement of air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure, driven by the temperature differences due to the heating of the Earth's surface.

Other options, such as hurricanes, blizzards, and storm surges, involve more complex weather patterns or phenomena that result from specific conditions but do not directly stem from the simple mechanism of heated air expanding and creating lower pressure.