What meteorological phenomenon involves a quick storm caused by the upward movement of warm, moist air in cumulo-nimbus clouds?

The phenomenon described is indeed a thunderstorm, which occurs when warm, moist air rises rapidly, leading to the formation of cumulus clouds that develop into cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are characterized by their towering structure and are indicative of stormy weather. As the warm air rises, it cools and condenses, releasing latent heat, which further fuels the upward motion of air. This process can lead to the development of strong updrafts and downdrafts, heavy rainfall, lightning, and sometimes severe weather features such as hail or tornadoes.

The rapid upward movement of air is critical in thunderstorms, as it creates an unstable atmosphere conducive to sudden weather changes. The other options—hurricane, blizzard, and heatwave—represent different meteorological phenomena that do not fit the description of quick storms driven by warm, moist air in the same manner as thunderstorms. Hurricanes are large-scale systems that develop over warm ocean waters, blizzards involve heavy snowfall and cold temperatures, while heatwaves refer to prolonged periods of excessively hot weather. Thus, the best fit for the described characteristics is clearly a thunderstorm.