What molecule contains the genetic information that makes up chromosomes?

The molecule that contains the genetic information making up chromosomes is DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is structured as a double helix and serves as the chemical blueprint for living organisms. It is composed of nucleotide sequences that encode the instructions for protein synthesis, which ultimately influences the traits and functioning of an organism.

In the context of chromosomes, DNA is tightly coiled and packaged with proteins to form chromatin, which allows for the organization and regulation of gene expression within the cell. This structure is crucial during cell division, ensuring that genetic information is accurately replicated and distributed to daughter cells.

While RNA plays a vital role in translating the genetic information from DNA into proteins, it does not serve as the storage medium for genetic information itself. Proteins are the products of gene expression and perform numerous functions within biological systems but do not contain genetic information. Carbohydrates are primarily involved in energy storage and structural roles within cells, rather than in carrying genetic data.