What organelle modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell?

The Golgi complex, also known as the Golgi apparatus, plays a crucial role in the cell's processing and transport of proteins and lipids. This organelle receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them by adding chemical groups or altering structures, and then sorts and packages them into vesicles. These vesicles are then transported to their destinations, which could be within the cell or outside of it through processes like exocytosis.

This function is essential for maintaining cellular organization and ensuring that the correct materials are delivered to the appropriate locations. The Golgi complex's ability to modify proteins, such as glycosylation (the addition of sugars), is vital for the functionality of many proteins, especially those that will be secreted from the cell or incorporated into the cell membrane.