What process involves forming proteins based on the information in DNA?

The process that involves forming proteins based on the information in DNA is known as protein synthesis. This is a complex process that encompasses multiple steps, including transcription and translation. During protein synthesis, information encoded in DNA is first transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then serves as a template for assembling the sequence of amino acids that will form the protein during translation. This highlights the importance of both transcription and translation as essential parts of the overall process of protein synthesis.

Understanding protein synthesis is crucial in numerous biological contexts, as proteins carry out a vast array of functions, from structural components in cells to enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions. Thus, recognizing the broader term "protein synthesis" encompasses the specific processes of transcription and translation, solidifying its role as the correct answer.