What type of reaction involves a compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances?

The type of reaction that involves a compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances is known as a decomposition reaction. In this process, a single compound undergoes a transformation that results in the formation of two or more products, which are simpler substances. This type of reaction can occur due to various factors, such as the addition of heat, light, or electricity.

For instance, when a compound like water (H2O) is electrolyzed, it breaks down into its elemental components: hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). Decomposition reactions are characterized by the general form:

[ AB \rightarrow A + B ]

where AB represents the initial compound that decomposes into its simpler forms A and B. Understanding decomposition reactions is important in fields such as chemistry and environmental science, as they play crucial roles in various natural and industrial processes.