Which component of the plant's vascular system transports water?

The xylem is the component of the plant's vascular system that is primarily responsible for the transport of water. This specialized tissue conducts water and dissolved minerals absorbed by the roots upward through the plant to various parts, including leaves and stems. The xylem consists of various types of cells, such as tracheids and vessel elements, which allow for efficient movement of water due to their structure.

In contrast, phloem is responsible for transporting nutrients, particularly sugars produced through photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are needed for growth and energy. Thus, while both xylem and phloem are vital for the overall function of the plant, the specific role of transporting water is exclusively performed by the xylem.