Which law describes how alleles sort independently from one another?

The concept of independent assortment refers to how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop. This principle is articulated in the Law of Independent Assortment, which states that the alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes (sperm and egg cells) independently of one another. This means that the inheritance of one trait will not affect the inheritance of another trait, allowing for genetic variation in offspring.

The Law of Independent Assortment is crucial in understanding how traits can be passed on to the next generation without being linked to each other. For instance, if you consider traits like flower color and seed shape in pea plants, the inheritance of the gene for flower color is independent of the gene for seed shape.

In contrast, the other laws mentioned pertain to different genetic principles. The Law of Segregation deals with how alleles for a given trait separate during the formation of gametes. The Law of Dominance explains how some alleles can mask the expression of others. The Law of Genetic Code pertains to how genetic information is stored and translated within an organism, rather than how alleles assort themselves during reproduction.