Which of the following organelles is specifically involved in the synthesis of proteins?

Ribosomes are the organelles specifically involved in the synthesis of proteins. They are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins and can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as rough ER. The primary function of ribosomes is to translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences, which are then assembled to form proteins. This process is essential for cell function, as proteins are crucial for various cellular processes including enzyme function, structural components, and signaling.

In contrast, chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, are primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration. Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. Therefore, the role of ribosomes in translating genetic information into proteins is what makes them uniquely suited for protein synthesis.