Which part of the plant is responsible for the transportation of food?

The phloem is specifically responsible for the transportation of food in plants. It is a type of vascular tissue that primarily moves the sugars and nutrients produced during photosynthesis from the leaves, where they are synthesized, to other parts of the plant that require energy and nutrients for growth and development. This process is vital for the plant's overall health and functioning, as it ensures that all cells have the necessary resources to perform their roles, including growth and reproduction.

In contrast, xylem is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while the cortex and pericycle are involved in structural support and facilitating growth or the formation of new roots, but they do not play a direct role in the transportation of food. Understanding the distinct roles of these plant structures helps clarify the essential functions they perform within the plant's life cycle.