Which plant structure is primarily responsible for the storage of food and water?

The cortex is the plant structure that plays a crucial role in the storage of food and water. Located between the outer layer of the plant and the inner vascular tissues, the cortex consists of parenchyma cells that are specialized for storage. These cells can store starch, sugars, and other nutrients, as well as water, making the cortex essential for the plant's energy reserves and hydration.

In contrast, xylem is responsible for the transportation of water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant, rather than storage. Phloem, on the other hand, is primarily involved in the transport of sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant. The endodermis serves as a selective barrier regulating the flow of water and nutrients into the vascular system but does not function in food and water storage. Understanding these roles helps clarify why the cortex is correctly identified as the primary structure for storage functions in plants.