Which process does NOT involve RNA?

The process that does not involve RNA is DNA replication. During DNA replication, the double helix structure of DNA unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. This process is carried out by enzymes such as DNA polymerase and does not include any involvement of RNA.

In contrast, transcription is the process where a segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis. Protein synthesis involves both messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome to synthesize proteins. Therefore, the correct identification of DNA replication as the process that does not involve RNA reflects an understanding of the distinct roles played by RNA in other cellular activities.